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By Bryan Gardiner November 16. 2007 | 2:10:06 PM The investment arm of the Abu Dhabi government announced on Friday it has purchased an 8.1 percent stake in the world's second largest chipmaker. AMD. The broach which includes a $622 million cash infusion for AMD in exchange for about 49 million company shares makes Abu Dhabi one of the company's largest shareholders. obtain any special find to the boardroom as a part of the deal and the company itself stressed that the transaction does not present a controlling investment…or an acquisition. That said. Mubadala seems to be increasingly interested in partnering with (and investing in) a variety of tech companies across the globe as of late. color with oil money the company recently announced a partnership with Northrop Grumman to develop aerospace and aviation training programs earlier this week. The company also happens to have a 7.5 percent lay on the line in the Carlyle Group a private equity tighten specializing in aerospace defense and high-tech investments. Indeed the $622 million comes just in measure for AMD which has struggled financially over the past few quarters due to an going price slashing oppose with its larger rival Intel. Most recently in Q3 the company posted a $396 million loss despite an uptick in sales. AMD chief Hector Ruiz says the company ordain use the money primarily on future research and development. (AMD relies heavily on an IBM partnership for its R&D) as well as product innovations and manufacturing improvements. Intel spent more on research and development last year ($5.87 billion) than AMD's entire annual revenue be adrift ($5.65 billion). Posted by: experidato65@gmail com | Dylan Tweney | Bryan Gardiner | Megan McCarthy | | Terrence Russell | Betsy Schiffman | Fred VogelsteinFrank RoseSpencer ReissNicholas Thompson : Tech News. Gadget Reviews and Special Offers - all delivered to your mobile device. tour Our Sister Sites: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Subscribe to a magazine: © 2008 CondéNet. Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our and

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By Bryan Gardiner November 16. 2007 | 2:10:06 PM The investment arm of the Abu Dhabi government announced on Friday it has purchased an 8.1 percent stake in the world's second largest chipmaker. AMD. The broach which includes a $622 million cash infusion for AMD in exchange for about 49 million affiliate shares makes Abu Dhabi one of the company's largest shareholders. gain any special access to the boardroom as a move of the broach and the company itself stressed that the transaction does not present a controlling investment…or an acquisition. That said. Mubadala seems to be increasingly interested in partnering with (and investing in) a variety of tech companies across the globe as of late. color with oil money the company recently announced a partnership with Northrop Grumman to create aerospace and aviation training programs earlier this week. The company also happens to have a 7.5 percent lay on the line in the Carlyle Group a private equity tighten specializing in aerospace defense and high-tech investments. Indeed the $622 million comes just in time for AMD which has struggled financially over the past few quarters due to an going price slashing oppose with its larger compete Intel. Most recently in Q3 the company posted a $396 million loss despite an uptick in sales. AMD chief Hector Ruiz says the company will use the money primarily on future investigate and development. (AMD relies heavily on an IBM partnership for its R&D) as well as product innovations and manufacturing improvements. Intel spent more on research and development last year ($5.87 billion) than AMD's entire annual revenue stream ($5.65 billion). Posted by: experidato65@gmail com | Dylan Tweney | Bryan Gardiner | Megan McCarthy | | Terrence Russell | Betsy Schiffman | Fred VogelsteinFrank RoseSpencer ReissNicholas Thompson : Tech News. Gadget Reviews and Special Offers - all delivered to your mobile device. Visit Our Sister Sites: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Subscribe to a magazine: © 2008 CondéNet. Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this place constitutes acceptance of our and

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Joomla!is one of the most powerful Open obtain circumscribe Management Systems onthe planet. It is used all over the world for everything from simplewebsites to complex corporate applications. Joomla! is easy to lay,simple to manage and reliable. The Joomla! Extensions Directory started out last year with the obvious goal to list extensions that bring home the bacon on Joomla!. When starting out it was immediately possible to choose for extensions. Individual votes were not kept however only the total of votes for a particular extension. Since june measure year each individual vote was kept in the database making it possible to see who voted and for what votes were made open an issue that the votes are subject to rounding errors which is naturally not what we want. Since we can only compute votes from june measure year until now we decided to remove the votes (from march until june 2006) for which we have no record and recompute all votes for every extension. The prove will be that the rounding issues ordain be gone we undergo a end record of all votes and that the extensions that were subject to the rounding errors will get a slightly higher score (as the rounding was negative for the score). Recomputing the votes will be done soon probably in the next week. I’ll reply with a comment if it’s done. Update: computation has been done Thanks Tonie. The only missing thing is: allthough the votes before june 2006 don’t be. I can’t vote again for the extensions I voted for in that period. Not a big air but it would be nicer it this could be solved. Tonie thanks for doing computation by the way why Joomla! Extensions Directory powered by extension under Commercial License instead of GPL or LGPL one? @Tom we’ll look into it and if possible shift that particular barrier @Stasys. At the time there was no change state source extension which could do what we want. In combination with the countless number of hours Lee has put into it it made the choice that much easier. That said we will always look for open obtain first. XHTML: You can use these tags: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <label> <em> <i> <touch> <strong>

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Over the last year (eIFL) has been working hard to create a database and preserve all aspects of Institutional Repositories that have been developed in all our member countries. After a lot of correspondence and updating with countries we can now inform that 17 member eIFL countries currently have: - 27 repositories in progress - 69 active repositories. - Total of 96 institutional repositories This gave us the opportunity to look for international co-operation with other projects. Being so closely associated with SURF the Netherlands eIFL were quite aware of the project and its follow up DRIVER II sister project.... One of the objectives of DRIVER is to organize and create a virtual. European measure network (portal) of existing institutional repositories from the Netherlands. United Kingdom. Germany. France and Belgium. eIFL saw the contend and decided to piggy approve on the expertise and technology infrastructure that the SURF/DRIVER communicate already had in displace. Talks began with all parties involved and during June/July 2007 a similar portal (communicate) was created and can currently be viewed [].... This is only the beginning of a desire journey eIFL's ultimate goal is to create these repositories to reach an international standard. This will be done by training e g metadata other standards linking setting up repositories etc.... This is not the only activity we are envisaging we are also busy to "mass enter" eIFL repositories in IR registers and harvesters (OAIster and OpenDOAR) We are also looking at additional training that could be given to countries to "move" their repositories from an inactive to active status as come up as to start up new repositories. mention.  Kudos to eIFL for organizing this important development.  Institutional repositories are an affordable effective way to give worldwide open find to the investigate output of an institution.  They are a natural solution any investigate institution even the most affluent but are an urgent solution where money is tight and conventional forms of research visibility are low.  Unlike HINARI and related initiatives which make some research from the North visible in the South. OA (through repositories or journals) is a two-way street and can make investigate from the South visible in the North. The open find movement: Putting peer-reviewed scientific and scholarly literature on the internet. Making it available free of charge and remove of most procure and licensing restrictions. Removing the barriers to serious research.

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Many schools have blocked access to MySpace and Facebook from school computers since the rise of these social networks in recent years. But earlier this year the National educate Boards Association (NSBA) which represents the nation's 95,000 local educate boards issued a chew over recommending that members go their restrictions on in-school use of social networks and consider how they might be exceed used in the classroom. It cited study findings that showed kids were highly engaged with online tools like blogs and wikis. It's unclear whether any schools changed their course but the nonprofit Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC) slammed the NSBA on Friday alleging that it published a study that was inherently biased. The chew over it said was funded by Microsoft. News Corp. and Verizon Communications--major companies with vested interests in social networks. Microsoft has a financial stake in Facebook and News Corp owns MySpace for example. The CCFC argued that the push for social networking in schools is an effort to back up kids' exposure to ads. Brands like Marlboro. Burger King and Captain Morgan undergo pages on MySpace so that kids can befriend their virtual characters for example. "Local educators need objective honest information 'not marketing hype' to command their efforts toward helping students grapple with the current unprecedented convergence of sophisticated ubiquitous media technology and unfettered commercialism." CCFC's Director Susan Linn said in a statement.

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Tim Johansson is talking about which differs from Mozilla's in that it doesn't map directly to OpenGL which they did because: It makes it easier to implement on non-OpenGL platforms (such as D3D) string checkIntersection(in go x in go y in float z in float radius in beg3DModel model); evaluate arrange ztest; // "none". "less". "lessequal". "greater". "greaterequal". "equal". "notequal". Default is "lessequal" attribute arrange amalgamate; // "replace". "add". "srcalpha". "calculate". fail is "replace" i tried to view this in a virtualbox forge i only get the “3d beg not supported” of course using opera measure create presented on that post i wonder why This is great news :)I find it really interesting that people tries to apply HTML(ish) ways of creating more RIA capabilities not only that but with the current state of FireFox. Safari and Opera I think Opera is the only real contestant left for Safari in the desire run… :(Safari virtually only needs the plugin architecture from FireFox and the fox is dead… :(So it’s great to see Opera becoming better…!(Not only that but it’s also great seeing other great companies here in cold little Norway doing great besides us) Comment by — November 17. 2007 It drives me nuts when browser vendors can’t come to some sort of agreement on standards. Currently to set the context for a 2d canvas you write:var myCanvas = $(’beg’) getContext(’2d’); So Opera wasn’t arrogant enough to set there version with:var myCanvas = $(’canvas’) getContext(’3d’); But rather:var myCanvas = $(’beg’) getContext(’opera-3d’); So it seems to me they are still keeping their options change state. If pressured enough Opera may end up rendering getContent(’3d’) as Firefox does or vice versa. Also. I imagine the 3d canvas syntax is going to be the same regardless of the context so even if two different browsers use a different rendering engine you may still end up with the same or very similar prove. Not only is it yet another API no they also went and implemented it against a library (Direct3d) which is only available on one platform alone (Windows). Wasn’t opera intended to be cross platform? Also the thing about collision detection is pure and utter rubbish there’s plenty of excelent collision detection engines out there both commercial and open source. You don’t _have_ to use Direct3d in order to get collision detection. Maybe it helps to drop another hint… Ever seen a productivity application (desire 3dstudio max you know which populate keep change state all day to work much like a browser) that uses enjoin3d?I tell you why because Direct3d makes bloddy unstable applications. Whoever goes for any sort of “real” 3d programming scoffs at the notion of using enjoin3d for anything then short lived games. Comment by florian — November 17. 2007 Yeah. I want to see Opera reimplement Direct3D in Linux. O act they can use Wine for this just like Borland did the Kylix UI back then… Huge success never quite understood why they dropped the project. mention by — November 17. 2007 “makes it easier to implement on non-OpenGL platforms” is a bogus reason as there is only one platform that Direct3D supports. Windows. _and_ Windows supports OpenGL. This is a super-lame move by Opera. At least say you only had Windows programmers working on it and be honest. Comment by Andy — November 17. 2007 I don’t experience why everyone’s up in arms about an experimental implementation of something that’s far from standardization. In fact none of the 3d contexts ordain be useful on the Real Web until they’re somewhat emulated in IE (excanvas). Would a Direct3D-like API make that easier? I don’t experience anything about 3D APIs. mention by — November 17. 2007 Coding on the web means: Dealing with various subtly or wildly different or simply missing APIs/implementations of basic things desire DOM. CSS. XHR javascript svg canvas events etc. This has spawned an entire ecosystem of libraries/frameworks that wrap a unified API/hacks/fixes/reimplementations in javascript over basic browser infrastructure just so we can label applications that run more or less everywhere. We usually put up with it because we don’t undergo a chance to change it and when we charge loudly enough at the right places we get told it’s historical and we just have to live with it. OK Now here we have something brand-new like 3d beg. And instead of fixing the old mistakes of bloddy once going after one single API/functionality right from the go away they go and implement it with widly different features and a wildly different API… great what’re we supposed to do? turn over and get create from raw material for yet another go of 3d javascript frameworks just so we can code against one API? Comment by florian — November 19. 2007 Spam is a pain we are sorry to undergo to do this to you but can you answer the challenge below? If so the comment ordain go through! Spam challenge: What does the X in Ajax stand for? XHTML: <a href="" call=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote have in mind=""> <code> <em> <i> <touch> <strong> In Episode 20 we chat with Kevin kill. Brendan Eich. Alex Russell and others to find out more about Project Tamarin the high-speed JavaScript engine donated by Adobe to the Mozilla Foundation. Receive e-mails on the topics that arouse you most. You'll get the latest news technical resources announcements and more. decide your topics and submit your e-mail below. gratify contact us at. We would like to comprehend about any news that we could put up here.

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While Google's intention to bid in the FCC's upcoming 700 MHz auction was never in much doubt it was widely assumed it would do so by joining with various industry partners. Granted the company certainly isn't hurting for cash these days but attached to certain portions of the spectrum it was assumed the affiliate would be a little help. Not so. Citing sources "familiar with the be," the claims Google will actually be entering the bidding process sans partners and will instead focus on a separate plan to privately pay the $4.6 billion needed to qualify for the so-called beachfront "C" block of spectrum. Even more surprising while explore is reportedly most interested in the latter open access slice of spectrum it also isn't ruling out bidding on other blocks according to the Those portions of spectrum would in theory only provide regional coverage or come with other limitations. If you denote the "C" block has the mandatory "open find" stipulations attached to it that Google and other companies (like Frontline Wireless) have fiercely lobbied the FCC for over the past few months. The FCC eventually agreed to Google's demands for the block and the winning bidder ordain be allowed to compel any limitations on either the mobile devices or the applications used to access the communicate. As many undergo pointed out however there's comfort a glaring flee clause attached to the auction request which states that if the minimum $4.6 billion bid is not met the "C" block will be auctioned off without the open access rules attached. Google said on Friday it has hired game-theory specialists to help plot its January auction strategy and in a statement reiterated that "[its] goal is to make sure that American consumers have more choices in an open and competitive wireless world." the 700-MHz-spectrum auction now set for January 24. 2008 has the potential to affect everything from the be of wireless service to the competitive adorn among U. S mobile providers for years to go. And while Google's precise bidding strategy won't be revealed until Dec. 3 it is clear the company seems more and more serious about rearranging the existing wireless adorn. To that end. explore is also reportedly testing its own advanced wireless communicate in Mountain believe. Who knows some of that "operating experience" may go in pretty handy if things go Google's way. this is a very good news indeed should be big breathe out to verizon and att verizon often cripples its phone for consumers. e g blackberry 8830 has built in autonomous gps but verizon disabled it just to get $10 for their vz navigator. i evaluate change state standards ordain end these arrogant behaviors from carrier change surface thought their subscribers grows every quarter and every year price never goes down. i say welcome google and i look forward to being your customer. It's been years that I conceive of of connecting my laptop to my cell phone to call my control up provider but all cell phone companies disable this feature unless of course I pay them the $40 a month. Looking forward to be another satisfied Google customer! YES! I evaluate I know who my next provider ordain be! explore the place whose motto is apparently "slightly less evil" If this doesn't bring home the bacon it's measure to campaign for a UNIVERSAL change state communicate.. get ready to write to your congresscritter. We're Americans and we be phones at least half as nice as you can get in the rest of the developed world. Why should we pay displace fees for web access at domiciliate then on our phones and then again for our laptops? It's silly. One fee that allows us access anywhere cell phone laptop dial up broadband etc. Maybe with explore leveling the playing field reasonable fees ordain prevail. You guys all need to get out into the fresh air a little more. Go rest under a channelise for a while to get reconnected to things that really matter! create by mental act if Google does this. Voice ordain be the same as any other data be adrift. telecommunicate numbers will undergo associated JabberIDs. You could undergo a explore be and you would automatically get a phone number to interact with the rest of the world using telecommunicate numbers. By 2010 Web 2.0 will have thoroughly penetrated enterprise communications. Who needs expensive VoIP solutions after explore sets up their network? Google knows how to do things right. Go on. Google. Give them what they had coming. VoIP + GPS over wireless internet is the future of communications as I be to see it. If all goes well. I will. DO ANYTHING you can to undo the grip AT&T has on the US. This company is evil. bequeath "long hold"? A computer and call switching machines never cared about how far a label had to go but the good folks at AT&T marketing did. That affiliate gouged America years and we bought it. Now comes "real" competition from a company that everyone wants to use daily. I say "swing away" explore. Knock that aliens head off! Are we just exchanging one set of evil companies for another (one)? explore may be to change the way things are done for the better but power corrupts... Kind of but I really evaluate this shift will be one for the better. It's a strategy similar to that of a local auto shop in Charleston. Basically their strategy is that the best way to make money is to get a loyal fan locate and they do that by providing the best service possible today. I've walked in there with no receipt and had a break fixed for free because I bought the tires there. I really evaluate Google's following the same strategy.

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But did it? The open no deaths or negative health effects attributable to the accident. In fact the damage was so limited that Three Mile Island’s other reactor continues to direct safely today — as Dubner saw firsthand on a recent tour (see photos at alter). While the accident produced almost no the helped stop the growth of the U. S nuclear cater industry for almost three decades. That left coal-fired cater plants to fill the gap in the country’s growing energy demand. In 2005 the coal-electric industry accounted for making it one of the country’s hit largest sources of greenhouse gas. Today nuclear cater is making a comeback in large part because it generates electricity without carbon emissions. The revival of the nuclear industry is described at length in Is it because the uncertainty of global warming finally outweighs the risks we perceive in nuclear cater? Economist Frank Knight might undergo thought so — his legendary theory on the force of risk and uncertainty on decision-making is related gracefully by Peter Bernstein in his book. Dubner and Levitt also refer to a risk/uncertainty investigate known as the which is discussed in greater depth. One country has already cast its lot with the risk of nuclear cater rather than approach the uncertain consequences of greenhouse gas emissions — France produces. And Exelon the largest nuclear operator in the U. S. argues that nuclear energy isn’t just cleaner than coal; . Still the risks associated with nuclear cater be. The 1986 Chernobyl reactor meltdown in the Ukraine led directly to dozens of deaths and has been implicated in more than 4,000 cases of thyroid cancer according to the. The accident move radiation as far away as Sweden where has shown that children who were in utero at the measure grew up to undergo significantly worse-than-average educational outcomes. But change surface the Chernobyl deaths are dwarfed by the be of deaths attributable to coal mining — China reported 4,700 burn mining deaths measure year. In the U. S. the Department of fight an add up of 33 a year. “But even the Chernobyl deaths are dwarfed by the number of deaths attributable to burn mining — China reported 4,700 burn mining deaths measure year.” Chernobyl is no big broach except of cover the small matter of the Zone of Alienation a roughly 1200 sq mile area where is no human are allowed to register under threat of imprisonment. An area that would have made Harrisburg. PA uninhabitable in the case of a “Chernobyl” happened at Three Mile island. Otherwise there are no problems. One person alone can very rarely be said to be responsible for anything that requires millions to write on to. In this case your Great Woman Theorizing is a be. I could as easily alter the case that the necktie is responsible for a large portion of global warming. go this reasoning. In just about any office environment women change appropriately for summer while men feature neckties (scarves) and often jackets and always desire pants even in scorching alter. The ambient indoor temperature is set to mens’ preferences and it’s not unusual to see women having to displace sweaters to work to accommodate this a/c setting. The average temperature difference between the male and female preferences. (that not attributable to gender alone) is probably on the request of 5 degrees F. If men dressed appropriately for the weather instead of wearing a virtual scarf all summer (the tie sets the entire outfit really) a resetting of a/c in all offices in the Western world could save millions perhaps billions of KWH per year. I think this is certainly more reasonable than Freakonomics’ take on Fonda’s culpability. The problem of misuse of resources is cultural. My recollection of the Three Mile Island incident was of panic on the part of the touch because they could not get reliable information. The Governor of Pennsylvania was able to provide independent and reliable information and that in my opinion kept the panic from becoming command. There was a command loss of confidence in the Nuclear Regulatory Agency and it took personal intervention on the move of President Carter to partially regenerate confidence. The furnish of the movie China Syndrome was the nuclear cater industry was run by a bunch of criminals. Unfortunately there was evidence that the check writer was on the mark. You undergo to acquire money to create a nuclear power lay and there are study issues with liability insurance. The be of persons and the be of property that can be harmed by the threat of fallout is immense. My recollection was the dairy farmers downwind of 3MI were not able to change their milk for a bunco measure after the incident and if that had continued they would undergo been put out of business. If there was radioactive fallout prior to collect the crops would be contaminated (resulting in crowd bankruptcy) and there would be a study problem with disposal of the contaminated crops. Even though the risk might be small the liability is so large only the federal government is large enough to provide the liability insurance. Radioactive spent fuel rods and parts of decommissioned nuclear cater plants have kept in a secure location. What we do now is the act the spent fuel at the plant where it is produced because they direct 24 x 7 and they undergo security guards. When the plant is decommissioned the radioactive rods and other parts undergo to be moved to a secure facility and it is not alter that can be done. It is my understanding that some decommissioned reactors have not be dismantled and the spent fuel is still at the lay under 24 x 7 guard. I also think you had better do some fact checking about the relative costs of nuclear and coal powered electrical generation. A breeder reactor is much more be effective that a non-breeder but it is also much more dangerous. You should read history of the Enrico Fermi reactor. Cabbages the coat of a VW hang. 6-legged dogs and caterpillars with antlers are but a few of the urban and suburban myths that I a sometime Pennsylvania resident undergo heard courtesy of “3 Mile Island”. Clearly part of the problem with nuclear energy is the command public’s paranoia of the unknown and most populate are clueless on this topic and their often-overwhelming tendency to believe fiction in the face of fact. Unfortunately the occasional dispatching of a spy with radioactive material and the legacy of Chernobyl not to have in mind the horrible consequences of those 2 H bombs lend give to these myths. My own view is that nuclear energy is a lot like flying. The come about of an accident happening is really pretty remote but when it does happen the consequence can be quite grim. I for one would rather take that come about than the certainty of the equally grim long-term effect of the hundreds of carbon-fueled generators that could be replaced. Calling this the “Jane Fonda cause” is pure marketing specious and cowardly. If the facts communicate to your argument then let them do that and don’t dress them in polarizing empty rhetoric. grow the time line and effects of nuclear cater and go approve to us with some facts or informed speculation. I don’t know what you’re going to find out but my sense is that every five years into the future every new nuclear plant added every accumulated amount of expend to broach with the safety efficacy and viability of nuclear.

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Clapping and singing. Madonna joined in a Kabbalah conference Friday in Tel Aviv to get together the Jewish New Year. Welcome to Topix Forums! Please fill out the form below to set up an account and post your comment. If you are a returning user. . At least five characters (letters and numbers) write in with your existing Topix be and write your comments below. gratify say by clicking on "Post Comment" you adjudge that you undergo construe the and the mention you are posting is in compliance with such terms. Be polite. Inappropriate posts may be removed by the moderator. For example: CNN. Newsday. Fox Sports. New York Times etc. For example: cnn com newsday com foxsports com nytimes com etc. Restrict to ZIP code or city

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14 September 2007The area covered by sea ice in the Arctic has shrunk to its lowest aim this week since satellite measurements began nearly 30 years ago opening up the Northwest Passage – a long-sought short cut between Europe and Asia that has been historically impassable. In the mosaic image above created from nearly 200 images acquired in early September 2007 by the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument aboard ESA’s Envisat satellite the dark gray act upon represents the ice-free areas while color represents areas with sea ice. Leif Toudal Pedersen from the Danish National lay Centre said: "We have seen the ice-covered area drop to just around 3 million sq km which is about 1 million sq km less than the previous minima of 2005 and 2006. There has been a reduction of the ice cover over the last 10 years of about 100 000 sq km per year on average so a displace of 1 million sq km in just one year is extreme. Arctic sea ice naturally extends its ascend coverage each northern winter and recedes each northern pass but the rate of overall loss since 1978 when air records began has accelerated. The most enjoin route of the Northwest Passage (highlighted in the top mosaic by an orange lie) across northern Canada is shown fully navigable while the Northeast Passage (color line) along the Siberian glide remains only partially blocked. To go out the Northwest Passage has been predicted to be closed even during reduced ice cover by multi-year ice case – sea ice that survives one or more summers. However according to Pedersen this year’s extreme event has shown the passage may well open sooner than expected. The previous preserve low was in 2005 when the Arctic area covered by sea ice was just 4 million sq km. Even then the most enjoin Northwest Passage did not fully open. The Polar Regions are very sensitive indicators of climate dress. The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed these regions are highly vulnerable to rising temperatures and predicted the Arctic would be virtually ice remove by the summer of 2070. comfort other scientists guess it could become ice free as early as 2040 due to rising temperatures and sea ice change state. Because sea ice has a bright surface the majority of solar energy that hits it is reflected approve into lay. When sea ice melts the dark-coloured ocean surface is exposed. Solar energy is then absorbed rather than reflected so the oceans get warmer and temperatures rise making it difficult for new ice to create. The Arctic is one of Earth’s most inaccessible areas so obtaining measurements of sea ice was difficult before the advent of satellites. For more than 20 years. ESA has been providing air data to the cryosphere communities. Currently. ESA is contributing to the International Polar Year (IPY) – a large worldwide science create by mental act focused on the Arctic and Antarctic. Since 2006. ESA has supported Polar believe a satellite remote-sensing programme funded through the Earthwatch GMES function Element (GSE) that focuses on the Arctic and the Antarctic. In 2009. ESA will make another significant contribution to cryosphere research with the launch of CryoSat-2. The observations made over the three-year lifetime of the mission ordain provide conclusive evidence on the rates at which ice adjoin is diminishing.

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